In Christian theology, there are varying levels of doctrinal deviation: error, heresy, and damnable heresy, each with distinct implications.
Error: Non-essential differences (like creation or baptism views) that don’t affect fellowship or salvation.
Heresy: Deviation from essential Christian doctrines (like ordination or certain worship practices) that may harm church unity but don’t necessarily affect salvation.
Damnable Heresy: Denial of foundational Christian doctrines (e.g., the Trinity, deity of Christ) that undermines salvation itself.
Each of these categories highlights a different degree of departure from orthodox teaching, with damnable heresy being the most severe, as it undermines the foundation of the Christian faith.
These categories help Christians navigate disagreements and maintain unity by distinguishing between disputable matters and essential truths. Error can often be tolerated within a healthy church context, as it concerns doctrines that aren’t crucial for salvation. Heresy, however, challenges the church’s understanding of orthodoxy and may disrupt church life or witness, though it doesn’t necessarily lead to apostasy.
On the other hand, damnable heresy leads directly away from the true gospel. It introduces beliefs that, if held consistently, would place someone outside the bounds of Christian orthodoxy. Historic Christian councils (e.g., Council of Nicaea) and creeds were often convened to combat such heresies, recognizing their fatal consequences for the faith.
This framework also helps Christians discern when disagreements should lead to correction versus when they might necessitate separation to preserve the gospel’s integrity.